A raisin in the sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A raisin in the sun - Essay Example African-Americans endured racial segregation, which was available, since the hours of subjugation where they were exposed to heartless acts by White individuals. The play, by Lorraine Hansberry, delineates the fights that African-Americans needed to experience in the mid 1900s in the battle for uniformity in the public arena. Separation was advanced by White American supremacists who upheld for isolation of minority races in the public arena. The dark African-American populace bore the best gruff of racial segregation in the American culture. Isolation was affected in all divisions of life in schools, open vehicle, occupations and lodging. The play features the Young family’s battle with racial segregation, and the difficulty they experienced for purchasing a house from a white man in a white neighborhood. The play has a cast that is made out of Walter Lee who is discontent with his present place of employment and fantasies about turning into a business person. He is a visiona ry who accepts that cash can take care of the entirety of the family’s issues and get them bliss. Ruth is a character who is portrayed doing combating neediness and household inconveniences as often as possible. She is additionally delineated as a peacemaker who is happy to successfully secure her family. Beneatha is a character who shows women's activist viewpoints in the play. ... She imagines that cash isn't something that fulfills a family. She is portrayed as a supporting mother and stands firm in her convictions. As the top of the family, she requests that individuals from her family regard each other just as invest heavily in their fantasies. Linder is the main white character in the play who goes about as the delegate for the white network. He tries really hard to keep dark African-Americans out of the white neighborhood. His activities are best delineated when he offers the Young family an arrangement to reevaluate moving into his all-white neighborhood. This shows his assurance in guaranteeing that his neighborhood is liberated from ‘blacks’ who are seen as untouchables in the public arena (Loos 213). The play tends to subjects of the substance of dreams as a notion that was broadly proposed in a sonnet composed by Langston Hughes. He expounded on dreams that were disregarded or deferred and considers if those goals shrink like raisins in the sun. This is outlined by Walter’s want to have cash with the goal that he can bear to cook for his family. The showcase of dreams and yearnings for a superior life isn't limited to one race, however it tends to be perceived in individuals all things considered. The basic inspiration to long for a superior life is general regardless of race, and it shifts in various individuals. Walter’s thought of the American dream is the belief system of realism which puts a lot of accentuation on the significance of cash and the things it can get. In play, Hansberry shows how Walter begrudges Charlie Atkin’s cleaning business since it makes a yearly salary of $100, 000. Walter is blinded by his longing to obtain wealth and accomplices with individuals of faulty characters who end getting away with all of

Ethics and Law in Business and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Morals and Law in Business and Society - Essay Example So urban areas likewise have systems for the food of social request and social structures. Such components incorporate principles, laws, guidelines, morals and qualities. Question one Kohlberg Moral Development Stages Kohlberg built up an enthusiasm with the subject of good improvement after crafted by Jean Peagent. Therefore, there are huge similitudes between crafted by the two, Kohlberg and Jean. To gadget a model clarifying good turn of events, Kohlberg picked an examination test of young men matured 10, 13 and 16 years from center and low class families in Chicago. He later added more established young men and young ladies to his example from different pieces of the United States of America and different nations. This move expanded his example to speak to a larger part of various social orders on the planet. After his investigation, Kohlberg built up an ethical improvement model from one phase to the next. The model has six phases ordered into three levels. Each level has two ph ases. Pre regular good level is the principal level. The phases in this level are submission and discipline stage and the independence and trade stage separately. In the primary stage, the individual expect that ethics and qualities are outer. People in this stage don't feel as individuals from the general public. Youngsters in this stage expect that the guidelines and ethics have a place with grown-ups. At this stage, inability to hold fast to set principles result to disciplines. People in this manner make the right decision in order to get away from discipline. A model for this stage is the point at which an understudy can be rebuffed for getting the opportunity to class in time the understudies to create scorn against the educator. Stage two is somewhat not quite the same as stage one in that the individual understands that all wellsprings of power have various stands regarding a matter. It might be all in all correct to do a thing as to one while, it might not be right with res pect to another. In this stage, inability to line up with set principles can pull in discipline and denounces. Not quite the same as stage one, people here do great since they would prefer not to be reimbursed with terrible. This stage blossoms with the way of thinking of take care of me as I scratch yours (Sandel 17). Ordinary profound quality is the subsequent level. The phases in this level are acceptable relational connections stage and upkeep of social request stage individually. In the third stage, the people are significantly young men and young ladies entering their adolescents and People in this stage maintain profound quality as more than straightforward arrangements. They accept that they should act in accordance with the desires for relatives and companions. It is likewise in this phase one grows great conduct, acting in sincere goals and having relational emotions, for example, care, graciousness and love. A genuine model is purchasing of presents to relatives and compa nions. Stage four involves the individual going about according to the desire for the general public and not according to relatives and companions. For example, individuals volunteer for social works, for instance, secondary school understudies who volunteer for a city cleanup. Individuals in this stage need to keep up the working of society. Post regular profound quality is the third level. The phases in this level are the implicit agreement and individual rights stage and the all inclusive standards stage. While stage four individuals need to see the general public capacity, in stage five individuals need to see a superior working society. In such manner, individuals accept that all individuals progress in the direction of a superior society despite the fact that distinctive social gatherings have diverse accepts. Whatever individuals do in this stage is for the

An Analysis Of Three Theories Of Personal Identity Philosophy Essay

An Analysis Of Three Theories Of Personal Identity Philosophy Essay Attempting to characterize yourself resembles attempting to nibble your own teeth Alan Watts. Individual Identity assume its job as to characterize human with nature of its own which makes the person in question a one of a kind one. The personality of an individual that is being referred to must have the option to acknowledge them, and he should be recognized by others. To put it plainly, what makes John special from Felicia? Both interior (brain) and outside (body) sees are the two basic viewpoints that must be separated by one. There are a few general philosophical hypotheses of this personality issue. Body hypothesis, Soul hypothesis and Conscious Theory will come to fit into the missing bit of the riddle of individual character. The body hypothesis is one of the speculations that characterize individual personality. It very well may be characterized as when Person A has an individual personality if and just in the event that they have a similar body X. Be that as it may, two issues can be found in this definition. Subjectively, it is all in all correct to claim a similar body, yet on the off chance that changes happened to the body, would we be able to even now characterize that individual as a similar one? Everyones body is unquestionably unique if we somehow happened to look at 60 years old and 4. Another issue jumped out on the matter of body modification. On the off chance that Felicia gets harmed by a mine at war, and afterward her legs must be cut away, would she say she is not a similar individual, Felicia? In this manner, the meaning of the hypothesis is inadequate as a similar body change isn't represented. Then again, numerically, if an individual lost his finger because of a mishap, does that fing er is considered an alternate body? Imagine a scenario where a researcher chose to utilize another people DNA to clone someone else with precisely the same DNA. Two individuals with indistinguishable body unquestionably can't be a similar individual since they are as yet two distinct individuals with indistinguishable body. Them two would be living very surprising lives. Consequently, in characterizing individual personality, the body hypothesis without anyone else had neglected to make it substantial. The Soul hypothesis will be the following normal hypothesis in characterizing individual personality. Correspondingly to the body hypothesis: Person A has an individual character if and just on the off chance that they have a similar soul. The thought turned into significantly progressively muddled when we are attempting to characterize a fairly questionable term soul. In the religion perspective, it is believed to be soul of an individual that goes through ones body into another domain (eg. Paradise or hellfire). Nonetheless, it is as yet a strange wonder since there is no verification that can demonstrate its reality. For example, when a cloud changes to grayish puffy substance, we will even now say, the cloud had turned dim. To put it plainly, we despite everything remembered it as a cloud. It is simply numerous spirits in a single body. Subsequently, the spirit hypothesis is likewise not substantial as it bombs in that the definiens is inadequate to characterize individual identi ty.â The most genuine and most perceived way of thinking speculations about close to home character are the cognizance hypothesis. Be that as it may, this hypothesis is deciphered contrastingly in three different ways: the experiential substance, cognizant self, and associated continuous flow speculations. First on the rundown, the cognizant self-hypothesis: the individual in question is said to have individual personality on the off chance that they have a similar hesitant. In another words, on the off chance that there is an alternate cognizant in two individuals, at that point them two has individual character. From the start sight, it appears to be a decent hypothesis to demonstrate individual character. It is similar to Descartes cogito, I think in this way I am. Also, the cognizance of encounters hypothesis is the basic subsidiaries to the hypothesis of awareness. It is all the more handily known as the experiential substance. This hypothesis originates from the Lockes hypothesis of having the psyche clear, and collection from encounters. One is to have individual character in light of the fact that just a single individual can involvement with one limited space. We take twins for example. Despite the fact that they have indistinguishable bodies, the second they were conceived, they are now encountering various minutes. Along these lines, them two have individual character since they experience distinctive environmental factors and see things in an alternate way. The serious issue is that we don't be able to recall each and every involvement with our life deliberately. For example, one can in any case mention to someone else what they have eaten three days prior however it is unthinkable for an individual to mention to another what they ate today following 10 years. In another model, one can't be characterize as having diverse individual personality since they were tanked and acted like someone else. As such, in light of the fact that the human psyche has negl ected to deliberately recall each and every snapshot of their lives, this hypothesis in the long run is invalid. The associated continuous flow will be the last hypothesis about close to home personality. With its meaning of a people character is made out of a flood of associated cognizant encounters, this hypothesis in the end had tackled the issue of person incapable to recall about their experience deliberately. With this hypothesis, we will in any case be a similar individual despite the fact that we can't recall what we have done at 4 years old when we are 60 years of age. By and large with a limited psyche, cognizant is partnered in an ordered example. To put it plainly, we will accept the stream as an illustration. In the event that you see a waterway streaming each day, you won't be taking a gander at a similar piece of the stream (speaking to body or encounters), anyway you won't have the option to contest that isn't a stream. Henceforth, let say the waterway is close to home personality. This hypothesis nearly had everything right at that point. Thomas Reid which is likewise my favored choice to the possibility of individual character couldn't help contradicting Lockes memory hypothesis by diminishing it to ridiculousness. Lockes hypothesis was scrutinized for a couple of extraneous matters. Most importantly, I unequivocally concur with what Reid clutch. He feels that individual character ought to be resolved with something that can't be partitioned into parts inseparable however not by deciding by activities. He, as well, expressed the primary issue of Lockes is his thoughts are of confounding demonstrates of something else with itself. Official mystery was presented by Reid at his endeavor to Lockes hypothesis to preposterousness. A U.S. creator, James Baldwin once cited, A personality appeared as though it has shown up by the way when an individual faces and uses his experience. Expecting that we won't have the option to place everything into a total riddle, we are left with one decision. Pluck a rose, separate the petals individually which every petal speaks to one thought. Whatever came out toward the end, it is you call by your own special instinct. R㠐â µf㠐â µr㠐â µnã'⠁㠐⠵ã'†¢

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay Example for Free

Patterns in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a universal similar appraisal about arithmetic and science instruction that is sorted out by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). The study has been managed occasionally in patterns of a long time since 1995. At first TIMSS was an abbreviation for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study, which recognized its situation as the third investigation following the First and Second International Mathematics and Science Studies (FIMS SIMS) in 1964 and 1982 individually. A comparative report to the 1995 TIMSS (utilizing a similar specialized system) was done in 1999, and was alluded to as the Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat (TIMSS-R). The 2003 examination was the third pattern of studies dependent on the 1995 evaluation structure, and the abbreviation TIMSS was re-imagined to mean Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (http://nces.ed.gov/timss). With subsidizing from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the TIMSS appraisal was to be offered all the more auspicious in interims of 4 years. Table 1 gives an outline on the TIMSS evaluation, target populaces, and the quantity of nations that partook in every organization. Table 1. TIMSS evaluations and partaking nations at the eighth grade level Study Name Acronym Year Number of Countries Target populace Grades tried Third International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 1994/5 42 third/fourth, seventh/eighth , twelfth Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat. TIMSS-R 1998/9 40 eighth Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2002/3 46 fourth eighth Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2006/7 Over 60 fourth, eighth, (twelfth rescheduled 2008) TIMSS is considered the biggest, generally thorough, thorough, and broad universal relative instructive examination at any point led (Alejandro, 2000). It addresses pretty much every feature of the learning of science and arithmetic. The 2003 TIMSS venture was involved more than 360 000 understudies, more than 38 000 educators, and more than 12 000 school principals, and upwards of 1 500 relevant factors were remembered for expansion to factors on understudy accomplishment scores (Nelson, 2002; TIMSS‟ User control 2003). TIMSS targets furnishing approach producers and instructive experts with data and markers about their national instructive frameworks from a universal point of view. Alejandro contends that TIMSS serves a â€Å"mirror† capacity to taking an interest nations to think about nearly their instruction frameworks. Martin and Kelly (2004) recommend that TIMSS tests go past estimating accomplishment to including a careful examination of educational plan and how it is conveyed in homerooms around the globe. Basically, the evaluation is seen to be legitimate and dependable as a proportion of understudy accomplishment. In any case, the TIMSS appraisals are not without pundits. Among the basic voices is that of Wolf (2002) who addresses the legitimacy issues of the TIMSS examines. His dispute is that TIMSS, being a worldwide appraisal, may have testing systems that are not proper for some countriesâ€ÿ regular testing rehearses. Identified with that, Zuzovsky (2000) explicitly questions the unwavering quality of these tests. He contends that the intensely explained coding frameworks innate in the TIMSS scoring techniques yield lower between rater consistency and furthermore that interpretation of accomplishment tests into various dialects brings the dependability of the evaluations into question. The drawback of cross-sectional appraisals, for example, the TIMSS ventures didn't get away from the consideration of de Lange (2007) who addresses the presumption behind global investigations that a solitary test can give practically identical proportions of educational program impacts across nations. Regardless of these reactions, Alejandro, the administrator of IEA, sees the value in nations taking an interest in the TIMSS overviews. He contends that â€Å"More than simply association tables, the TIMSS information place accomplishment in a global setting where it very well may be considered from numerous perspectives† (Alejandro, 2000, p. 2). A comparable explanation was communicated over 35 years back by Bock (1970). He saw the world as contracting through innovation. On the side of global investigations, he contended that through support in worldwide examinations and by sharing instructive reports, nations get a brief look at each otherâ€ÿs social practices. The TIMSS global reports give a general impression of the effect that distinctive training factors have on studentsâ€ÿ execution in various nations. It is by further captivating in auxiliary investigation of the TIMSS information and by directing further examinations identified with the discoveries of TIMSS evaluations that nations better comprehend their tutoring framework. Specifically, it is imperative to distinguish regions of concern and address those efficiently as opposed to endeavor to imitate another nation's educational plan framework basically in light of the fact that the tutoring framework there is by all accounts viable. Training markers are various and fluctuate in their impact from nation to nation. It is conceivable that every one of the 1,500 logical factors controlled in the TIMSS overviews were incorporated in light of some supporting writing on their impact on studentsâ€ÿ learning. TIMSS as model of Educational Achievement The writing on models of instructive pointers and their presentation as a framework along with inquire about investigations that model understudy learning accomplishment as an element of the qualities of their schools and their family foundation is broad (Oakes, 2006; Kaplan Elliott, 2007; Kaplan Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001). In any case, despite the broad writing regarding the matter of demonstrating of instructive information, no single model of instructive execution has increased boundless acknowledgment (Oakes, 2006; Nelson, 2002). This absence of a worldwide model was noted by Nelson according to the TIMSS ventures, that, albeit thoroughly executed, and with all its prominence (with a larger number of members than some other IEA study), TIMSS has not endeavored to think of a prescriptive model that relates instructive components to understudy accomplishment that can be appropriate across countries. Nelson is resolute that any endeavor to give a general model would not be savvy since nations contrast in their instructive approaches and instructional practices so a one-size fits-all model would not be sensible. All things considered, however models of instructive execution appear to be different as proposed by the writing, in Haertel, Walberg, and Weinsteinâ€ÿs (2003) see, they have a larger number of shared characteristics than contrasts. Haertel et al. led a meta-examination of studies that demonstrated school execution information and found that the introduced models had a typical structure. Despite the fact that the models varied in their details, their structures were contained three classes of prior conditions (intellectual/full of feeling traits and assets), instructional procedures (chance to learn, nature of guidance), and result measures (accomplishment, emotional practices). These models introduced understudy execution as an element of understudy, instructor, as well as school foundation factors. Investigations important to my exploration are those that demonstrated studentsâ€ÿ execution as an element of their experience factors; the model of premium that educated my variable determination is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model by Oakes (2006), or Rand Model (Shavelson, McDonnell, Oakes, 2006). The IPO model has comparative auxiliary parts as the models that were checked on by Haertel et al. (2003) and models understudy accomplishment as an element of certain assets. I chose this model for my applied structure as a result of its extent of inclusion of instructive markers. The model presents an all encompassing origination of understudy learning in a homeroom setting and it shows up oftentimes in writing that breaks down huge scope information (for example Kaplan and Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001 investigating TIMSS information). Also, it has been utilized widely to manage training scientists in the choice, particular, and examination of instructive factors that connect with understudy learning results (Kaplan Elliott, 2007; Kaplan Kreisman, 2000; Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001). It is taken as one of the powerful models in molding general supposition and arrangement on the best way to encourage school improvement. TIMSS Input-Process-Output Model The information procedure yield (IPO) model by TIMSS is one of the improved forms of the customary info yield (IO) models of school hierarchical information (Glasman, Biniaminov, 2001). Glasman and Biniaminov announced that the info yield customary model utilized research techniques that deliberate changes in the systemsâ€ÿ yields realized by changes in the systemsâ€ÿ inputs. The IO model was reprimanded for not considering the scholastic condition and for distorting the tutoring procedure by depicting it as straight. As indicated by Glasman and Biniaminov, â€Å"the input-yield investigations [did] not manage attributes of the dynamic and continuous interrelationships among understudies and instructors or those among understudies themselves† (p. 509). To conquer the issue, Oakesâ€ÿ model included a third segment (forms) that intervened the information factors into the yield factors and that additionally given an instructive setting to the model. The procedure segment centers around study hall attributes, for example, instructional quality issues (clarified in the following area under measures for the model). Oakesâ€ÿ model is in this manner contained three segments of an instructive framework: data sources, procedures, and yields (IPO) (Figure1). Figure 1. A thorough Model of an Educ

Circus Elephant Training Abuse by Trainers

Bazaar Elephant Training Abuse via Trainers Note that the elephant is exceptionally imperiled. There were once a huge number of African elephants who meandered the whole mainland. Presently their numbers are assessed at around 300,000 and for the most part found in sub-Saharan Africa. The Asian elephant is considerably increasingly basic. Its numbers are down to just around 30,000. There were at one time millions. In addition to the fact that some are creature acts hurting and murdering elephants, yet they are likewise doing this to an exceptionally imperiled animal varieties. So as to prepare a 8,000-11,000 pound creature †who can be dangerous to people †to perform stunts seen in bazaars, for example, headstands, tightrope strolling, roller skating and the such, regularly it is accepted that the wild utilization of adverse support is required. Physical discipline has frequently been a standard preparing technique for creatures in bazaars. Elephants are now and again beaten, stunned, and whipped with the goal for the m to perform over and again the schedules of bazaar execution. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) doesn't disallow the utilization of bullhooks, whips, electrical stun goads, or other such preparing gadgets. The elephants are whipped by a few people for to fifteen minutes one after another with bull-snares. Their skin being as delicate as people, one can comprehend the torment this involves. Beatings As indicated by congressional declaration gave by previous Beatty-Cole elephant guardian Tom Rider, [I]n White Plains, N.Y., when Pete didn't play out her demonstration appropriately, she was taken to the tent and set down, and five mentors beat her with bull-snares. Rider additionally told authorities that [a]fter my three years working with elephants in the bazaar, I can disclose to you that they live in restriction and they are beaten constantly when they dont perform appropriately (Rider). To conceal this from bazaar goers, slashes from bull-attaches are frequently secured with wonder dust, a kind of showy flapjack cosmetics (as indicated by ​circuses.com). The general population doesn't see the savagery and misuse a portion of these elephants persevere. Not every single creature coach are damaging; some consideration profoundly for the creatures in their trust. In any case, from the effectively available writing on the web, it shows up misuse happens. Repression Potentially surprisingly more dreadful than the negative fortification, however, is the restriction performing elephants persevere. Recall elephants once in a while approach 50 miles per day and they are frequently kept to spaces no greater than a standard American one-room loft. In states which require anchoring of elephants when not performing, elephants are binded in spaces the size of a normal vehicle by two legs for as long as twenty hours every day. Circuses.com reports: During the slow time of year, animals utilized in carnivals might be housed in voyaging boxes or horse shelter slows down; some are even kept in trucks. Such unrelieved physical constrainment can have unsafe physical and mental impacts on creatures. These impacts are frequently demonstrated by unnatural practices, for example, rehashed head bouncing, influencing, and pacing. (Epstein) An investigation of carnivals directed by Animal Defenders International in the United Kingdom discovered strange practices of this sort in the entirety of the species watched. Specialists saw elephants that were tied for 70 percent of the day, ponies that were limited for 23 hours out of every day, and enormous felines that were kept in confines up to 99 percent of the time (Creamer Phillips). Risk Other than the beatings and the fastening, another explanation mainstream society ought to consider not going to creature bazaars is a human threat. In the long run, after years and in some cases many years of carnival life, these huge creatures here and there will go distraught, frenzy, and slaughter coaches, bazaar individuals, and crowd individuals similarly as Tyke did in Hawaii. In a most dire outcome imaginable circumstance, an elephant named Janet rampaged with kids on her back during a presentation of the Great American Circus in Palm Bay. The official who at long last murdered her in the wake of shooting 47 rounds into the elephant who as far as anyone knows had been affixed and beaten for a considerable length of time stated, I think these elephants are attempting to reveal to us that zoos and bazaars are not what God made them for ... however, we have not been listening...this is the sort of stuff individuals fight about (Sahagun, Louis. Elephants Pose Giant Dangers, Los A ngeles Times, Oct. 11, 1994).

Cognitive Load Theory Helping People Learn Effectively

Cognitive Load Theory Helping People Learn Effectively Have you attended a training p program or classroom where you could not remember anything because the course material was too complex? Or, you could not grasp any knowledge because the instructor went through the course with the speed of light? Such poorly designed programs can cause more harm to the growth of any student than good.Sometimes, it even becomes impossible for students to process any information because of the unnecessary demands imposed on them by the teachers. All these things accomplish nothing but impeding the process of learning.It is also a shame that school, colleges and universities across the world spend millions of dollars and put considerable effort on designing syllabi and courses. There are education programs which highlight how to read and write valid assessments, how to write papers and how to create lesson plans.However, there is perhaps not even a single program which enables teachers to effectively impart their knowledge to students and the students to learn effectively.Similarly, there is hardly any program which considers brain’s capacities and limitations when it comes to learning new things. How does the brain remember? How our memory works? Changing behaviors through acquiring and retaining new knowledge is one of the major goals of schools and universities. It is only possible if we enable both teachers and students to understand how our brain and memory work.Similarly, they should also understand how to properly apply their knowledge of brain’s functions and limitations to better optimize classroom study and ensure retention of information. THE COGNITIVE LOAD THEORYOne particular theory which aims at helping educationists understand the process is the Cognitive Load Theory. It has become one of the most popular teaching theories or methods over the years.Currently considered as the “next big thing in teaching”, this particular theory enables both teachers and the students to teach and learn respectively and effectiv ely by reducing their cognitive loads.John Sweller, the educational psychologist at University of New South Wales, originally proposed the theory in 1988. He basically improved the Working Memory Model of Memory presented by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974. According to this model, you have to process and rehearse visual and auditory information more often than everyday observations in order to develop long-term memories.John Sweller strongly believed that our cognitive load increases because we have to process a lot of factors at a time along with the actual knowledge we are trying to acquire. This makes it difficult for us to pay attention to the necessary information and make learning needlessly complex. As a result, the learning becomes less effective because you are unable to pay necessary devotion to learning and memorizing due to the increasing cognitive load.The Cognitive Load Theory presents different ways in which teachers can reduce the cognitive load of their stud ents. In addition, it proposes different teaching techniques, ensuring the formation and retention of new memories.DETAILED EXPLANATION OF COGNITIVE LOAD THEORYCLTproposes that you can only learn effectively and retain information for a long time if the learning conditions and your cognitive nature are in perfect alignment with each other. In other words, a human brain is capable of doing so many things at a time and therefore, we should be careful and intentional of what we do at any given time.Put another way, the theory suggests that we should design learning experiences in such a way that they ensure formation of new memory schemas by reducing “load” on our working memory. It is important because our short term memory is limited and putting extrapressure on it by doing so many things at a time only increases our cognitive load. It is possible to reduce cognitive load and form new schemas simultaneously only in the ideal world. In real world, you cannot accomplish both tasks satisfactorily at the same time. Therefore, it is imperative for the teachers to have to be specific about what is being taught and the sequence of learning as well as the nature of the learning.No doubt students need to be crystal clear what they learned about a particular thing. However, they also need to have full grasp of domain specific definitions and knowledge.For instance, you would be overloading your students if you ask them to critically examine all the government systems in the world (high-order thinking) while also defining and understanding what a government system is. In this case, students would have to constantly assess their short term memory while processing information because they still have no knowledge or understanding of a government system.This is because there is no concept of a “government system” in their long-term memory. As a result, they muddle their short term memory, where newly acquired information is originally stored, before moving the new kno wledge to emerging or existing schemes.It will be possible for the students to learn despite of unfavorable conditions. However, they will have to struggle a lot and go against the way their brains work just because the instructional design in this example is non-optimal for effective learning.You should also have full understanding of how our brain and memory work in order to understand the cognitive load theory. Our working memory stores information for short amount of time after processing the new material. However, it is unable to hold large amount of information at any given time. The total capacity of our working memory also varies among individuals. On the other hand, it isour long-term memory whichretains the information, which the working memory cannot store for long, for years to come. The cognitive load theory postulates that our long-term memory holds information for a long period of time as schemas. Subsequently, schemas organize the information and enable its easy retr ieval whenever required. In this regard, more the schemas in our long-term memory less will be the cognitive load on our working memory.There are many examples of schemes created over the years. For instance, if asked for in which order you should solve multiple arithmetic operations in a given problem, you would probably recall DMAS rule from your elementary mathematics class. Our long-term memory is able to retain and retrieve this information simply by remembering an acronym, reducing your cognitive load in the process.In an alternative scenario, you would ask your working memory to store and retrieve Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction separately. You would severely overload your working memory if you load it with four unrelated pieces of information. However, you would dramatically decrease the cognitive load on your working memoryby remembering DMAS rule because it only represents a single schema which you can retrieve without any real hassle.TYPES OF COGNITIVE LOAD In the context of above discussion, it is also important to discuss some types of cognitive load. There are in fact three main types of cognitive loads and they all complement each other. Therefore, you need to factor in all of them in order to calculate total cognitive load on your memory.Intrinsic Cognitive LoadWhen intrinsic qualities of information being learnt make demands of a learner and put pressure or load on his working memory, it is called intrinsic cognitive load. This particular load depends upon two factors. The first one is your ability to comprehend new information as well how complex the information being presented is.It is also extremely difficult to avoid or eliminate this particular type of load due to its complex nature. Obviously, it is always more difficult and challenging to accomplish a difficult task (solving a complex equation) than solving a simple problem such as multiplying two numbers. However, you can always breakdown adifficult task into smaller and simpler activities to decrease the pressure on your memory. It also makes it easier for you to complete the task individually and in relatively quick time.Everybody is familiar with the task of assembling cubes to make toys in their childhood. You may also remember that the box always contained step by step assembly instructions instead of one big diagram showing how you can assemble each cube. This is the example of simplifying a complex process into smaller, simpler steps.In this particular case, you do not have to go through the entire diagram and visualize the whole process. You would only have to understand the smaller, easier tasks in order to set the entire model up. Similarly, you would also be able to concentrate on two to three cubesyou need in every step. It is much easier than playing with all of cubes and other parts simultaneously.Extraneous Cognitive LoadThis type of load is created when the students have to meet extra requirements and demands of teachers. Someti mes the load is the result of difficult instructions students have to follow. As the name suggests, it is the extra load and has no connection with the learning tasks. Inefficient teaching methods greatly add to the extraneous load as well.As a result, the concept being presented becomes more complex and difficult to grasp. Moreover, the distracting information or demands often unintentionally misdirect students and they set off on the wrong path.Another factor that contributes to extraneous load is forcing pupils to remember and practice the lessons. On the other hand, teachers can reduce the load on the students by employing more effective teaching techniques and presentation methods.There are some types of information which are better understood when you study them in the written form.Similarly, you may need to use diagrams, PowerPoint presentations or videos to better explain some other type of information. For instance, you should use a modal of the solar system or a video to b etter demonstrate the movement of planets and their moons. Written material will not be of much use in this case.In fact, the visual demonstration of the solar system will enable students to remember the presentation from start to finish unlike written text where they have to remember the first paragraph to understand the meaning of the last one. Similarly, they would simply look at the diagram for reference wheneverthey could not understand anything about the solar system.This is the example of highly optimal instructional strategy because it encourages the formation of schemas while decreasing student’s extraneous cognitive load.Germane Cognitive LoadUnlike the first two types of cognitive load, the students actually need to have germane cognitive lead. This type of load mounts on students due to theformation of new schemas in the long-term memory. It helps in comprehending new information and assists in learning new skills.A scheme holds certain types of memories regarding diff erent concepts and ideas. It also enables us to retrieve certain information and how to respond whenever we encounter same ideas and concepts in the future.There are also different types of schemas. There are schemas for objects, persons and places etc. Similarly, memories of certain events and routines fall under the category of ‘script schemas.’ Memories of how different people behave and enact are part of ‘role schemas.’ These schemas inform us what to expect from certain people when you meet them again in future.It is sometimes intimidating to experience something for the first time such as attending an Asian wedding. This is because we normally don not have a schema or conceptualization of what to expect from such events. As we witness an event or situation for the first time and acquire more knowledge about it, our cognitive load increases. This load in turn enables us to understand what is happening in similar events in future.APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY You can implement cognitive load theory in any instructional setting such as schools, colleges, universities and even in the training courses organized by various organizations for their employees. However, many other areas have also successfully implemented the cognitive load theory to improve their performance.The main goal of applying this theory is to minimize the extraneous load and facilitate students to learn more effectively. Similarly, it also encourages instructors to avoid doing a means-end-analysis of a task. Both these things can make the concepts extremely complex and overwhelm the students by imposing extra or unnecessary demands on them.You can also promote the production of germane cognitive load by developing activities, lesson plans and teaching methods which encourage long-term skill and knowledge acquisition and thus, the creation of new schemas.It is totally wrong to believe that we can only implement cognitive lead theory in traditional learning environments. You can even apply the theory when you are making a speech or giving an important business presentation to a prospective client. The theory enables you to breakdown each of the points you want to explain in smaller chunks and remove redundant details.Resultantly, you will be able to explain each point in simple, easy to understand manner. In fact, you explain your point of view more effectively and excitingly simply by decreasing the cognitive load on your brain and tongue.THE COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY IN CLASSROOMSNow, let us discuss how to implement the cognitive load theory while giving actual presentation in the classroom. There are many things you, as a teacher, can do to reduce extraneous load on the students and promote the production of germane load right in your classroom.You also need to answer two questions while thinking about how to present materials to your students in the coming lectures. These questions are:What is the best way of presenting the informationFor moving informa tion to existing schemas?For creation of new schemas?What is the best way of decreasing extraneous load on students while presenting the lecture?Assuming your students don’t have any knowledge of whatever you are going to teach them, they will load their working memory with a lot of new information. Therefore, employing best methods of presentation is of utmost importance.You also need to consider the design of the classroom as it can affect students’ psych as well. You also need to keep other aspects of the classroom environment in mind when applying the cognitive load theory.Following lines explain some of the methods to attain these very important goals.Classroom ArrangementRearranging classroom settings regularly to provide more collaborative learning environment to students is getting more and more popular these days. However, it can also lead to the development of extraneous load on students.Experienced teachers usually place their seats and desks in rows so that all the s tudents may look at the board. This is one of the best methods to eliminate classroom distractions as well. As students no longer face each other, they don’t have to turn around every time they need to receive instructions or ask questions.TechnologyTechnology has totally changed the way students used to learn just a decade ago and there is nothing inherently wrong in it. However, numerous studies have shown that students tend to remember better when they handwrite their notes and instructions.Similarly, they are more likely to retain the information when they avoid technological distractions such as laptops, tablets and smartphones etc. You should only allow your students to use these devices in the classroom if they assist them in completing a given task or enhance their understanding of the concepts being taught.ClassworkStudent collaborations are a good thing. However, sometimes they tend to be counterproductive as well. You should only allow such collaborations in the classro om if they can expand on a concept you are explaining or reinforce student’s understanding of the topic. Group work entails many distractions. Similarly, students will have to utilize their working memory to comprehend the group dynamics and process different rules.As a result, extraneous load is produced which consumes some of the working memory. This is the memory students actually require to produce intrinsic and germane loads, necessary to retain acquired information.Presentation of MaterialWhatever you are using to present the material, make it simple, clutter free and easy to understand. For example, fun pictures on the slides actually hinder the processing of processing information and are not required at all. The slides should only contain images and text that are directly related to the topic and assist in learning new concepts.Keeping your presentation techniques and material simple greatly helps you decrease extraneous load in the classroom.HomeworkAs you might expect, students encounter a lot of distractions in their home. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce the amount of homework as much as possible. Similarly, encourage your students to minimize distractions at their homes and create an environment which fosters effective learning. For instance, they can switch of their televisions, put away their phones and confine themselves to their rooms while doing their homework.You need to remember that removal of unnecessary distractions is important because it reduces the extraneous load on the student’s working memory. Similarly, never assign homework which introduces new information to the student as it can lead to the development of more extraneous load.CONCLUSIONAbove mentioned are some of the ways you can implement cognitive load theory while presenting a new concept to the students. The main goal of the theory is to minimize the extraneous load on students. Therefore, it is imperative to createa learning environment which does not put extra pr essure on their working memory.It is pertinent to note that science fullyendorses the trainings based on the cognitive load theory. Therefore, you can improve the teaching methods and achieve higher student success rate by applying thetheory regardless of the type of instructional environment.

The Takeaway Wk of 8/10

HomeCurated ArticlesThe Takeaway Wk of 8/10This page may contain affiliate links.Aug 16, 2015Here’s a summary of important articles  from the past week  that may give you more insight into the world of college life, admissions, financing, and parenting.   Scholarships with August and September Deadlines The R2C Takeaway:  Those student who are looking for money to pay for college will be happy to know that there are still scholarships with August and September 2015 deadlines. The 18 on this list are top-notch, but time is running out, so dont wait to apply. The 10 Types of Roommates Youll Meet in College The  R2C  Takeaway:  Whether youve shared a room with someone before or not, having a college roommate is quite a different animal, and a good piece of advice is to expect just about anything. Amongst the most common are the ones roommates may encounter are: those who will never be there, those who will never leave the room, the sharers, the party animals, and those whose sleeping schedules are topsy-turvy. Learning how to deal with all the different personalities is a good life lesson, and this how-to will be helpful. The Science of the Teenage Brain: The  R2C  Takeaway:  Attributing adolescent behavior to adolescence is, according to scientists, wrong. The teenage brain is constantly in flux, pruning away parts and growing others. It is up to adults to help them with that growth and steer it in the right direction. Teaching them about Emotional Intelligence is one way in which adults can make a major difference in their lives. Finding a Career Track in LinkedIn Profiles The  R2C  Takeaway:  LinkedIn has made a concerted effort to reach out to younger users and many universities are partnering with the platform to encourage students to use their site as well. Students must not think of college as merely a weigh station in life; those years should be used for exploration and research in terms of finding a career path. Checking LinkedIn contacts can give someone a good idea of how they got where they are now and help qnswer questions like: What jobs are available in a particular occupation? What type of experiences do I need to get a job in those professions? What did people who have those jobs study in college? Road2College Road2College is dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. We recognize the two processes are intertwined and our goal is to educate families on all aspects of admissions and funding so they can make smarter college financial decisions. View all posts CATEGORIES Curated Articles TAGS Career PrepDorm livingMental healthScholarshipsNEWER POSTReview of College Search Websites: Should You Use Collegedata.com?OLDER POSTThe Takeaway Wk of 7/26

Edgar Allan Poe1 Essay - 2429 Words

Edgar Allan Poe1 In every story conceived from the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, a scent of his essence had been molded into each to leave the reader with a better understanding of Poe’s life. Poe displayed his greatest life’s achievements and his worst disappointments in a series of stories created throughout his whole life. It is the goal of this research paper to reveal symbolic facts about his life and define these hidden maxims in a way that is easy to understand and beneficial to the reader. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19th, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). Poe’s parents were David Poe, an actor based in Baltimore and Elizabeth Arnold Poe, an actress born in England, also†¦show more content†¦When he arrived at the party, he learned that it was Elmira’s engagement party, striking a dramatic blow to Poe’s heart (540). After John Allan and Poe had their quarrels over Poeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s gambling addiction, he joined the army under the alias of â€Å"Edgar Allan Perry† (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). In 1829, Poe was honorably discharged, but not before attaining the rank of Sergeant Major (540). A year later, John Allan scheduled an appointment for Poe with the West Point U.S. Military Academy (540). Poe had not been in the academy for a year when he was dismissed from West Point. It was after his military career when Poe starting to become a successful writer of poetry and short stories. In 1831, Poems included three of his greatest works: â€Å"To Helen,† â€Å"The City in the Sea,† and â€Å"Israfel† (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† World Book Encyclopedia 591). When his poems failed to reach recognition, Poe began to write short stories such as â€Å"MS. Found in a Bottle† in 1833 (591). It was around this time when he married his fourteen-year old cousin, Virginia Clemm, who was a very influential character in Poe’s later works (591). In 1840, Poe published a collection of his first twenty-five stories called Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† World Book Encyclopedia 591). Even when this collection failed to sale or gain recognition,Show MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe993 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, then moved to Richmond, Virginia at the age of three after his parents died. He was raised as a foster child by John and Frances Allan. Growing up he did very well in primary school, and attended one year at the University of Virginia until he was no longer able to pay for it (Poets.org). Poe is one of the most well-known writers in American history and authored many famous poems and short stories. One of Poe’s most famous short stories is The CaskRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart And The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe788 Words   |  4 Pages In the short stories â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Black Cat†, the author, Edgar Allan Poe uses imagery and character detail to create a frightening mood. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† features an insane and easily irritable Nameless Narrator who plots the murder of his dear friend, simply because the look of his eye bothers him. After successfully taking the life of his friend, the Nameless Narrator proceeds to hide the body in floor of the dead man’s home, and then confess to killing him, resulting

Analysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis - 3979 Words

Austin Day Professor Imali Abala English 357 18 February 2015 The Theme of Alienation in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka in 1915 is said to be one of the greatest literary works of all time and is seen as one of Kafka’s best and most popular works of literature. A relatively short novel; the story explains how the protagonist, Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a vermin which completely estranges him from the world even more than he already was. The plot of the novel reveals the effects this transformation has on Gregor’s life and his family, which ultimately lead to his death. One of the major themes portrayed in the book is alienation, which is demonstrated through Gregor’s life and relationship with his family both before and after his transformation. A close examination of the book shows how the story, and the characters in it directly reflect the author Franz Kafka’s personal life and his own feeling of alienation from the world. In the novel, Kafka depicts the theme of alienation and its negative effect on an individual and their relationships with society and the people around them. This idea of alienation can be see within the main character Gregor even before his metamorphosis into a bug. In the beginning of the story, before Gregor really understands his transformation he speaks about how grueling his job as a traveling salesman is, stating â€Å"[he’s] got the torture of traveling, worryingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 1711 Words   |  7 Pagescertain theme that most readers can relate to. Franz Kafka, a renowned German-speaking fiction writer of the 20th century, uses a unique style of writing that many people believe is a telling of his own life story. In his well-known short story, â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, many similarities and connections can be seen between the main character, Gregor Samsa, and the author himself, Franz Kafka. A major comparison that c an be made is the fact that both Samsa and Kafka died slow, lonesome deaths after being inRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis1873 Words   |  8 Pageswriters take their creative control to emphasize the current state of the freedom and control of the individual. Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, various World War I poems, and Brecht’s Fear and Misery of the Third Reich show the lack of individual freedom and control that people had over their lives during the destruction that occurred in the 20th century. Published in 1915, Franz Kafka wasted no time in starting his discussion about freedom and control through the life of Gregor. After he awakes and realizesRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s Metamorphosis1985 Words   |  8 Pagestruly seen? Does one view one’s external self, or do they see a reflection of past experience? Not many have the value of altruism, but some do. Sometimes altruism can turn extremist though, to the point where it can be a negative thing. In Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis, the main character Gregor Samsa is a workaholic that randomly one day awakens as a bug. Initially, Gregor sees himself with a condition, and then slowly tries to adapt to his bug transformation. Gregor did not put himself first when heRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 1087 Words   |  5 Pagesmercy were ignored. Franz Kafka’s novella is not about a dictator but it alludes to a person close to Franz that was as close to a dictator that he ever go to. Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, is about a young man that wakes up one day and is a vermin and has to maneuver around his home and come to terms with his six itchy legs. It probably sounds like a load of fictitious ramblings that somehow became a classical novel. Wrong! Look a little closer and the secret message Franz Kafka wrote for his fatherRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis1500 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"In the morning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ verminous bug.† In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, the opening sentence introduces the main character, event and the setting. Gregor Samsa is one of the only two characters who are addressed by name, this reflects his importance in the story because he is the protagonist and he plays a central role in the lives of his family and friends. Besides introducing the central character, this opening line has a dramatic impact on readers. It draws the reader straight to Gregor Samsa’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis 948 Words   |  4 PagesFreud says one way humans express their hidden feeling is through dreams. This idea is the foundation for the dream interpretation of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Dreams have the capacity to encapture events that never happen in reality. They connect with how people reflect their true feelings about a situation or themselves. Throughout â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, the author, Kafka, uses Gregor’s repressed feelings inc orporated with the dull setting and Gregor’s transformation to support the idea that Gregor is dreamingRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis, And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1965 Words   |  8 PagesFeminist, and Freudian-argue different outlooks regarding the main characters and their deviance from the standards of society in Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House.† The Marxist viewpoint discusses a person’s objectivity in society and how it is affected by outside forces such as money, labor, and power. In Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† the main character of Gregor undergoes several changes that affect the way he behaves and is perceived by people in his lifeRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Metamorphosis1033 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis This story The Metamorphosis is about Gregor, a workaholic, who is changed into an insect and must then deal with his present reality. The hardest part of being an insect for him was the alienation from his family, which eventually leads to his death. In reading the short story The Metamorphosis, (1971),one can realize how small the difference is between Magical Realism and Fantastic. This literature written by the Austrian, Franz Kafka, is often debated overRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the lo neliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis1501 Words   |  7 PagesBeveridge, A. (2009). Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(6), 459-461. This brief article is written from the psychiatric perspective, pointing out that Kafka has always been of great interest to the psychoanalytic community; this is because his writings have so skillfully depicted alienation, unresolved oedipal issues, and the schizoid personality disorder and The Metamorphosis is no exception to this rule. While this writer tends to think that psychiatrists should

Descons Internship Report - 5095 Words

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Sahiwal. DESCON ENGINEERING LIMITED [pic] 18-KM, Ferozpur Road, Lahore Submitted to: Ms.Naima Khurshid (Lecturer) Submitted by: Munsaf Ali CIIT/MBA-FA09-001 Date of Submission: AB-CD-2010 COMSATS Road, Off G.T. Road, Sahiwal. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Chapter No.1 2 Introduction Background of Descon Engineering LTD 2 1.1 Vision 4 1.2 Mission Statement 4 1.3 Core Values 4 1.2. Organizational Chart 5 Chapter No.2 6 SWOT Analysis 6 2.1 Strengths 6 2.1.1 Quality Systems and Best Practices 6 2.1.2 Established Global Clientele 6 2.1.3 Strong Market Position 6 2.1.4 Experienced staff with proven track record 6 2.1.5 Human Resource†¦show more content†¦Descon’s registered Head office is situated at 18-KM Ferozpur Road, Lahore. The experience in construction work executed in the infrastructure and industrial projects is 450 million man-hours. Descon employs over 34000 professionals and other personnel. Descon the mother company founded in 1981 with a title Delta Industries Pvt. Limited, and then changed to Dawcham which is now Descon Engineering Ltd, The various businesses which Descon is offering are; âž ¢ Project Management âž ¢ Engineering âž ¢ Construction âž ¢ Maintenance âž ¢ Manufacturing The business operation areas are located in; âž ¢ Pakistan âž ¢ United Arab Emirates âž ¢ Qatar âž ¢ Saudi Arabia âž ¢ Kuwait The company is unique in its resource base with internal capabilities for Design Engineering, Construction, Manufacturing and Maintenance Services. These capabilities are applicable to a broad range of Industrial plants related to projects, Energy and Infrastructure development for which services are provided selectively or on turnkey basis. Project management expertise vested through sophisticated IT based systems is one of the key elements in achieving successful execution of projects. The company’s operations span Pakistan, The UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Egypt and Afghanistan. Joint venture partners and technology alliances include JGC Corporation - Japan, Enerflex Presson –

Mai Property Management Business Plan - 5877 Words

Mai Property Management Business Plan Mai Property Management Business Plan Bachelors Capstone Final Project Mai Thor MT 499-03: Bachelors Capstone in Management Ernest Norris Mai Property Management Business Plan Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary on Mai Property Management 3 Section 2: Code of Conduct 7 Section 3: Operations 11 Section 4: Marketing Plan 14 Section 5: Information Technology 19 Section 6: Financial Plan 22 Section 7: Management Summary 23 References 26 Appendix 27 Executive Summary Business Description At Mai Property Management Company is to provide full gross services on managing multi-family apartments for apartment owners. By providing these services to apartment owners who†¦show more content†¦Location of desire is the county of Los Angeles. The estimated population in the city of Los Angeles is 4 million people (WPR), and this is not the only location Mai Property Management is targeting, but also the surrounding areas of Los Angeles that consist of additional 12 million people in these locations of the target. Products and Services The services provided by Mai Property Management is full gross service on managing the property. In other words, the company will manage inventory by purchasing inventory through warehouses or third party vendors. Also, having 24 customer service call center for both Landlord and Tenants to contact the office during business hours or after hours will be essential for both. Competitive Advantage The advantage of hiring property Management Company is to reduce the owner s responsibility. Property Manager is responsible for filling vacancies, screening tenants, responding to maintenance requests, collecting rents and any other duties about the rentals. Also, property managers have their roster of vendors to help maintain an owner s rental or respond to tenant s problems. While these vendors might not be the least expensive on the market and will help eliminate the risk of being cheated or overcharged. Another is property managers takes the time to advertise the rental, show it, and take the proper steps to filling the unit for the owners. Marketing Strategy In the marketing strategy plan at Mai

Internet Addiction Free Essays

The negative effects of technology are always very controversial; no one really knows how technology is going to affect us in the future. Google an internet giant, directs the user to any information he/she is looking for. The sole purpose of Google is to make knowledge accessible to everyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, many people believe that we are starting to rely heavily on Google. In the article â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† by Nicholas Carr, he states his fear of the Internet and explains how Google has already started to change his mind in the way he retains information. In a total different point of view, CEO Eric Schmidt states that Google is not to be feared and that it is here to help. Both of these articles are completely opposite of each other but Carrs’ argument is more effective than Erics’ presentation. In Carr’s article he argues how the internet has grown over the years. Although information is available by a click of a button, the internet is influencing both our mind and our reading habits, life without Internet is unthinkable, so much so that it has become a universal medium. Carr grabs the attention of the reader by stating a quote from a movie â€Å"2001: A Space Odyssey,† the final scene where Dave loses his mind (533). After that, Carr makes a connection of how the movie ends and how deep reading is a struggle due to the countless hours on the internet. The purpose of Carr’s article is to inform his rhetorical audience about what he endures by the internet. After stating his argument that deep reading is a struggle Carr later provides personal examples to enhance his credibility. Carr argues that his peers and colleagues specially literary ones, have the same problem, even Scott Karp confesses that he stops reading books and does all his reading on the Internet. (534). After that, Carr states that not only our deep reading is being affected but also our brain. Since the brain is malleable, it constantly breaks old connections to form new ones. Therefore if a person stops reading and uses the Internet more frequently the brain will adjust and have more connections for online browsing. As every good writer, Carr cites many scientist and university research making his argument more clear and concrete. Finally Carr gives a brief history of technological advances and how it affected human life, he explains that the Internet may diminish our capacity for concentration and contemplation as well as lead to other detrimental effects on cognition. Then he transcends to the internet saying that the human brains are like an outdated computer that needs a faster processor and a bigger hard drive (539). Narrowing down to Google, Carr provides various plans that Google might have. For instance one is where our brain is replaced by an artificial one, making the person’s brain a computer, able to download any information from the Internet. At the end of his article Carr argues that not only is it a future event, but it is happening at this moment. The Internet is used daily, therefore people rely on computers to mandate our understanding of the world, that our own intelligence is becoming an artificial one. (541). Carr not only tries to convey his experience to middle-aged men but also for many people who use the internet. Carr uses anecdotes and reflections in his argument to makes it less dull, therefore, the reader is not easily distracted. As he progress throughout his article he uses ethos to portray the fame and trust of Google. Since Google is very poipular he states that Google is now seeking for new ways for internet users to use the web. In another words it would correct people on their search throughout the Internet, memorize their frequent search and learn how a certain people thinks just by their online browsing. Then logos is use frequently because he starts of his argument presenting many technological achievements, after that he states how people feared it and how many used it to their advantage, Carr later explains how it is relevant. Finally citing a University or scientists to make his argument more credible. To conclude he finally uses pathos to strike fear in the reader he states â€Å"You should be skeptical of my skepticism† (540) it causes the reader to analyze his main points, and create doubt to wonder if in reality technological advances are for the better. In response, Google CEO Eric Schmidt did a presentation about future technology and the economy. After a while Schmidt starts talking about his plans, he often states that he is very optimistic about technology that he has no fear and technology is here to help us. Eric states that his plan for Google is to expand even further, to give other people a chance to portray themselves. For instance in the website YouTube many people from various ages, upload videos and share with the world their personalities, they connect with many people and encourage them to follow them on Facebook or Twitter. Schmidt argues that the Internet has a positive side it connects people, many people use social networks such as MySpace or Facebook. Schmidt sees the Internet in a positive way; he argues that the Internet will bring economic, educational, and political opportunities to billion of people. Therefore many people will have a fair education and if they have a doubt of some sort people should just go online and check it. Also he states that he has read Carr arguments and believes that in some extent he is correct that the Internet is changing the way people think. Therefore he says that people should not use the Internet as much. Also another way he counteracts Carrs arguments is by saying that the only way to people not having so much fear is to have clarity, he repeats it many times throughout his presentation trying to prove his point. Schmidt presents mainly to other business men at his convention, but since it is put online he also tries to reach out the younger adults that visit the popular website YouTube. Schmidt uses ethos by proving the facts of scientific research done at the Google headcounters. Schmidt used logos to state historical facts of how the Japanese rejected fire weapons and stayed with the sword because it seemed more elegant. Finally pathos by providing confidence to the audience, with a very optimistic view for technology also by introducing his dream that one day humanity can have chips in their head so that people can get vast knowledge anywhere in the world. Both are very strong claims, even if they argue against each other Carr and Schmidt provide examples to explain what they are saying. Schmidt did a more modern approach by doing a speech, but Carr wrote down his ideas and beliefs and printed them out in a book. Schmidt’s speech was mainly focused on the more upper class men, and to any other person it would of seem dull. While Carrs argument maintained the reader’s attention by using short stories, but most effectively he analyzed the story and prove his argument with the short story. Eric seems to just talk, to where the audience seems lost. While Carr uses pathos to show his fear but also transmit the fear to the audience. In another words Carrs argument is not only about facts but also a persuasive article to change the readers thought about technology. How to cite Internet Addiction, Papers Internet Addiction Free Essays string(170) " formally study pathological Internet use \(PIU\) based upon modified criteria of Pathological Gambling defined in the DSM-IV \(American Psychiatric Association, 1995\)\." Internet Addiction The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research. However, from time to time, cases of over involvement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now The internet is not a habit. It’s an indelible feature of modern life. Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M. D. , in 1995. He took pathological gambling as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- IV) as his model for the description of IAD. It is not however included in the current DSM as of 2009. IAD receives coverage in the press and possible future classification as a psychological disorder continues to be debated and researched. Online Activities which, if done in person, would normally be considered troublesome, such as compulsive gambling or shopping, are sometimes called net compulsions. Others, such as reading or playing computer games, are troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. Supporters of disorder classification often divide IAD into subtypes by activity, such as excessive viewing of pornography, overwhelming and excessive gaming, inappropriate involvement in online social networking sites or blogging, and internet shopping addiction. One counter argument is that compulsive behaviors may not themselves be addictive (http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Internet_addiction_disorder). In some respects, addictive use of the Internet resembles other so-called â€Å"process† addictions, in which a person is addicted to an activity or behavior rather than a substance (mood-altering drugs, tobacco, food, etc). People who develop problems with their Internet use may start off using the Internet on a casual basis and then progress to using the technology in dysfunctional ways. Many people believe that spending large amounts of time on the Internet is a core feature of the disorder. The amount of time by itself, however, is not as important a factor as the ways in which the person’s Internet use is interfering with their daily functioning. Use of the Internet may interfere with the person’s social life, school work, or job-related tasks at work. In addition, cases have been reported of persons entering to be a patient with that disorder in order to get attention or sympathy. Treatment options often mirror those for other addictions. Although only a limited amount of research has been done on this disorder, the treatments that have been used appear to be effective (http://www. inddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Dr. Goldberg pointed out two main characteristics of IA: using the Internet leads to constant distress; and damages physical, interpersonal, social status. People believe IA is just like the drug or cigarette addiction, but the psychiatrists believe it’s just like the gaming addiction. About 83 million Americ ans were connected to Internet in August 1999, by the year 2000 the number of those increased by 12 million. As the number of internet users’ increase, the number of internet addicts increases, and problems it causes. It is a disaster, because we only know a very few about the true nature of the internet addiction and treatment methods. According to statistic research every second internet user is an internet addict, they spend their lives at chats, forums, online games and other internet services. They cut their words and sentences to a couple of letters like AFK, BB, and MU, to save the time for internet searching. The majority of internet addicts are teenagers; people that are just have started their life, which need to stay outdoors as long as it is possible to grow up strong, smart and intelligent. But they spent their time sitting in front of the gleaming monitor, talking to virtual friends about the virtual problems of virtual people whom they have never even seen with their own eyes, and probably never will. They recognize the world through Internet information, written by faceless someone for faceless anyone. When they need a book they never go to library, instead they go to Yandex or Google, write the name of the author and the novel they need and here you go, the digital copy of eternal Dostoevsky’s â€Å"Idiot† minimized from a hundreds of pages to a couple of kilobytes. The glimmer of the monitor leads to the visual impairment, anorexia. Coffee, that helps internet users to keep their selves vigil, causes the stomach upset. It’s an irreversible process that changes the whole nature of human psychic and physic. As you can see the internet addiction is an extremely dangerous disease, and it’s very important to know how to recognize it, in order to help and save those you care about (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/index. html). According to Grohol (1999), si ce the aspects of the Internet where people are spending the greatest amount of time online has to do with social interactions, it would appear that socialization is what makes the Internet so â€Å"addicting†. That’s right—plain old hanging out with other people and talking with them. Whether it’s via e-mail, a discussion form, chat, or a game online (such as MUD), people are spending this time exchanging information, support, and chit-chat with other pe ople just like themselves. Would we ever characterize any time spent in the real world with friends as â€Å"addicting†? Of course not, teenagers talk on the phone for hours on end, with other people they see every day! Do we say they are addicted to the telephone? Of course not, people lose hours at a time, immersed in a book, ignoring friends and family, and often not even picking up the phone when it rings. Do we say they are addicted to the book? Of course not, if some clinicians and researchers are now going to start defining addiction as social interactions, then every real-world social relationship we have is an addictive one. Also, in potential explanations for pathological use, Young (1996) initiated telephone surveys to formally study pathological Internet use (PIU) based upon modified criteria of Pathological Gambling defined in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1995). You read "Internet Addiction" in category "Essay examples" Case studies showed that Dependents classified used the Internet an average of thirty-eight hours per week for non-academic or non-employment related purposes which caused detrimental effects such as poor grade performance among students, discord among couples, and reduce work performance among employees. This is compared to non-addicts in this study who used the Internet an average of eight hours per week with no significant consequences reported. Subsequent research on PIU based upon a self report determination of addiction was conducted utilizing online survey methods. Brenner (1996) received 185 responses in one month to his online survey regarding behavior patterns associated with the Internet. His survey showed that 17% used the Internet more than 40 hours per week, 58% said that others had complained about their excessive net usage, and 46% indicated getting less than 4 hours of sleep per night due to late night log ins. Egger (1996) received 450 responses to his online survey. Self-professed addicts in this study often looked forward their next net session, felt nervous when offline, lied about their online use, easily lost track of time, and felt the Internet caused problems on their jobs, finances, and socially. Steve Thompson (1996) developed the â€Å"McSurvey† which yielded 104 valid responses. Among respondents to his online survey, 72% felt addicted and 33% felt their internet usage had a negative effect on their lives. Surveys conducted on college campuses (Morhan-Martin, 1997; Scherer, 1997) also supported that students suffered significant academic and relationships impairment due to excessive and uncontrolled Internet usage. Formal Computer/Internet addiction treatment centers have been established at such clinical setting as Proctor Hospital in Peoria, Illinois and Harvard affiliate McLean Hospital in response to the serious impairment caused by PIU. The Internet itself is a term which represents different types of functions that are accessible online. Therefore, before discussing addictive nature of the Internet, one must examine the types of applications being used. When dependents were asked â€Å"What applications do you most utilize on the Internet? †, 35% indicated chat rooms, 28% MUDs, 15% News groups, 13% E-mail, 7% WWW, and 2% Information Protocols (e. g. gopher, ftp, etc. ). Upon examination, traditional information protocols and Web pages were the least utilized among Dependents compared to over 90% of respondents who became addicted to the two way communication functions: chat rooms, MUDs, news groups. Or e-mail. This makes the case that the database searches, while interesting and often times time-consuming are not actual reasons Dependents become addicted to the Internet. Chat rooms and MUDs were the two most utilized mediums which both allow multiple online users to simultaneously communicate in real time; similar to having a telephone conversation except in the form of typed messages. Over 1,000 users can occupy a single virtual area. Text scrolls quickly up the screen with answers, questions, or comments to one another. Privatized messages are another available option which allows only a single user to read message sent. Multi-user Dungeons, more commonly known as MUDs, differ from chat rooms as these are an electronic spin off the old Dungeon and Dragons games where players take on character roles. There are literally hundreds of different MUDs ranging in themes from space battles to medieval duels. In order to log into a MUD, a user maidens or buys weapons in a make believe role playing game (http://www. healthyplace. com/addictions/center-for-internet-addiction-recovery/what-makes-the-internet-addictive/menu-id-1105/page-2/). The initial idea behind the internet started in 1961. However, in 1993 the Internet experienced one of its largest growths and today is accessible and used by people everywhere in the world (http://www. teen-beauty-tips. com/internet-addiction. html). 21st century is distinguished with the high rate of business person. High rate of technical progress demands from us quick reaction on external changes of the world, economy and the way of life. Things that are urgent today become totally unnecessary tomorrow, so it takes much time and powers to keep in line. This constant wild race for new information, new welfare, and for being first leaves us no time for normal life, for going out with our friends, visiting the libraries, visiting our relatives, reading books, news papers, watching films, not only news. We have no time for all that, but we still have a desire to get it, so we’re looking for ways to get it with the minimal loss of time and maximal grant of pleasure. Modern science made it possible. Our dreams became true, we can buy books, films, cloth, visit different countries and our relatives, and reach our friend from the far away without leaving our flats, even without leaving our chairs. We have an Internet. With the help of internet we fill the emptiness inside us, we compensate the lack of communication and attention we need. Internet saves us from the loneliness we feel. We spend too much time working hardly so we have no strength for our pleasures. But we always have time and strength for internet, because it’s fun, informative and easy, it relaxes us. Therefore, it’s just a one side of the medal. With the lapse of time it becomes integral part of our life, you keep thinking about persons you met there, and you have no other connection with, and you’re dying to chat with them again. That’s how it starts. You may say its okay to care about someone, about your friends, and there’s nothing terrible they are just words at the contact list if behind them are real people, people you care about. Of course there’s nothing terrible, if it’s just like you say, but just for a minute try to think over, try to remember lust 6 months of your life. First you used internet to communicate with your friends because you were too exhausted to go out and had no time, but now, I bet, you missed a number of opportunities to go out with your friends in a favor of internet communication, don’t you? I also bet that first there were only those you know in real life at your contact list, and now the number of those hardly reaches 20%. Psychiatrists says that those who are not addict use internet only in order to find necessary information and keep in touch with their friends they knew before, but the addicts constantly surfing internet, without any important reason and multiplies the number of virtual friends they’ve never met in the real life, and never will. Thus, internet is very attractive for person as a way of escaping from the reality through the anonymous interactions, which gives an opportunity to express oneself without risk of being ridicule or misunderstood. It’s an opportunity to bring to life some fantasies and desires with a feedback, and, of course, unlimited access to the information, so called informational necrosadism (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/the_origin_of_internet_addiction. html). The term â€Å"addiction† is borrowed from psychologist’s lexicon, to stress that internet attachment is a problem; it’s not just a hobby or the way to spend time and communicate, and it’s a serious disorder of mind and psychic. Internet is very attractive for teenagers as it’s totally anonymous. Teenagers often have an inferiority complex because of their appearance or other criteria’s, and internet gives them an opportunity to find soul mates, someone to share their feelings and pain with. First it helps them not to feel lonely, but in time it turns them to hermit, and they lose their connection with real world, and may even become maniacs. Some scientists distinguish 5 types of Internet Addiction: Pornography Online games Online Gambling Online Shopping Chat rooms/Virtual dating addiction (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). Over the past few decades, an immense industry for the production and consumption of pornography has grown, with the increasing use of the VCR, the DVD, and the Internet, as well as the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexual portrayals. Performers in pornography are referred to as pornographic actors (or actresses), or the more commonly known title â€Å"porn star† and are generally seen as qualitatively different from their mainstream counterparts. Amateur pornography has become widely popular and generally distributed via the Internet for free (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pornography). The second addiction is online games. Online games is defined as a common cause if computer addiction. It is consist of multi-player games via the internet. This is where the player assumes a character in the game and plays against other people from all around the world. There are many internet games on the market and some of them have millions upon millions of players worldwide. The majority of the players involved enjoy just a casual game after school, work, or at weekends. A minority, however, have become so addicted, and alarmingly so, that they are spending upwards of 12 hours per day playing the game they are addicted to. Reports have come in that some people have been playing around the clock and not eating or sleeping for days and days because they do not want to leave the computer and the character they are pretending to be (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addictionid=551846). Moreover, the rising of Flash and Java led to an Internet revolution where websites could utilize streaming video, audio, and a whole new set of user interactivity. When Microsoft began packaging Flash as a pre-installed component of IE, the Internet began to shift from data/information spectrum to also offer on-demand entertainment. This revolution paved by the way for sites to offer games to web surfers. Some online multiplayer games like World of War craft, Final Fantasy XI and Lineage II charge a monthly fee to subscribe to their services, while games such as Guild Wars offer an alternative no monthly fee scheme. Many other sites relied on advertising revenues from on site sponsors, while others, like RuneScape, let people play for free while leaving the players the option of paying, unlocking new content for the members. After the dot-com bubble burst in 2001, many sites solely relying on advertising revenue dollars faced extreme adversity. Despite the decreasing profitability of online gaming websites, some sites have survived the fluctuating and market by offsetting the advertising revenue loss by using the content as a cross-promotion tool for driving web visitors to other websites that the company owns. The term online gaming in many circles is being strictly defined to describe games that do not involve wagering, although many still use the term online gaming synonymously with online gambling (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_game). The third one is, online Gambling. These are possibly the most damaging of all computer addictions. These millions of dollar a year businesses make their money by sucking addicts of their money. The thrill of possible winning by gambling is very real and has never been easier since the onset of online casinos and other forms of online gambling. Serious debts have been incurred by these computer addicts. Some have even lost everything, their family, homes, possessions, and even more extreme, their lives. There are organizations that specifically deal with this kind of computer addiction and they have helped many thousands of people to get rid of this damaging addiction and have been able to give advice on helping to pull their lives back together again (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addictionid=551846). There are 4 types of Online gambling, these are, online casinos, online sports betting, online bingo and mobile gambling. There are a large number of online casinos, in which people can play casino games such as roulette, blackjack, pachinko, baccarat and many others. These games are played against the â€Å"house†, which makes money due to the fact that the odds are in its favor. Online Sports Betting, bookmakers, spread betting firms and betting exchanges offer a variety of ways to wager over the Internet on the results of sporting events, the most popular being fixed-odds gambling. Online bingo is the game of bingo played on the Internet. Global betting and Gaming consultants estimates the global gross gaming yield of bingo was $0. billion USD in 2006; they forecast it will grow to $1. 0 billion USD by 2010. Unlike balls used in regular bingo halls, online bingo sites use a random number generator. The online bingo play works almost exactly like playing online poker or online casino games with everything being virtual. Most bingo halls also offer links to online poker and casino offerings. One notable feature of online bingo is the chat functionality. Successful online bingo sites foster a sense of community and interaction between players. And lastly, mobile gambling, it refers to gambling done on a remote wirelessly connected device. These devices can include wireless tablet PC’s, mobile phones and other non traditional mid-level networked computing devices. Some online casinos and online poker card rooms offer mobile options. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Online_gambling). The Fourth internet addiction is online shopping, in this kind of addiction comes in the form of many kinds. There is the person who is addicted to buying items from the many online shops. Then there is the person who is addicted to auction type buying. Either one could put a person in debt in a matter of seconds. Just one click the mouse could take money from their credit card and rack up enormous debts. This type of addiction usually starts with small purchases and paying with their credit card. Many small purchases of this kind then add up to many thousands of dollars. The thrill of bidding on an item in an online auction and then overbidding just to win the item (which they may not really want anyway) does cause addiction. Once the item has been bid on and won, a contract has been entered into. A very easy addiction to get into but very hard to get out once the debt has set in (http://ezinearticles. om/? Types-of-Computer-Addictionid=551846). Furthermore, online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from merchants who sell on the Internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web, merchants have sought to sell their products to people who surf the Internet. Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer. Consumers buy a variety of items from online stores. In fact, people can purchase just about anything from companies that provide their products online. Books, clothing, household appliances, toys, hardware, software, and health insurance are just some of the hundreds of products consumers can buy from an online store (http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-online-shopping. htm). (http://ezinearticles. com/? Types-of-Computer-Addictionid=551846). Also, Virtual Dating Addiction is a disease of outsiders. One can’t find person with the same interests, passions or views in real life, among schoolmates, so he is looking for them at chats, forums, ICQ. On the one hand it’s normal, it helps not to become a self-contain hermit, but on the other hand person lose connection with the real life. He or she has no need in it anymore, one already have a true friends, who cares they’re just a letters and symbols if they are soul-mates, but in a few month we have the same problem – teenager becomes a hermit (http://www. thelanaddiction. com/types_of_internet_addiction. html). One symptom of Internet addiction is excessive time devoted to Internet use. A person might have difficulty cutting down on his or her online time when they are threatened with poor grades or loss of a job. There have been cases reported of college students failing courses because they would not take time off from Internet use to attend classes. Other symptoms of addiction may include lack of sleep, fatigue, declining grades or poor job performance, apathy, and racing thought. There may also be a decreased investment in social relationships and activities. A person may lie about how much time was spent online or deny that they have a problem. They may be irritable when offline, or angry toward anyone who questions their time on the Internet (http://www. minddisorders. com/Flu-Inv/Internet-addiction-disorder. html). Skipping meals. When you skip a meal just because you’re enjoying what you are doing in front of the computer, your body reacts with what I like to call â€Å"famine mode†. What I mean by that is that our internal workings tell us that we need food to survive, and if we don’t have it we must find it quickly. Even though we, ourselves, know that we can go at anytime of the day to get nutrients. Human nature hasn’t evolved in such a way that we don’t have primal human instincts and going too long without food makes us eat way too much at the next opportunity. Any food that we do eat, after skipping a meal, will be stored as fats so that in the even of another skipped meal (famine) we will be able to fall back on that stored fat for survival. The problem with this stored fat is that we never reach the point that we can burn it off, so it translates on the scales in excess weight. There are three major consequences of skipping a meal: Poor Performance, Foggy Head and Binging (calorie loading). However, stress is another contributor to people skipping meals. Stress hormones can actually stop the feeling of â€Å"hunger†. This doesn’t mean that your body isn’t starving for nutrients (http://www. inchesweightloss. com/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=85:skipping-meals-is-never-a-good-ideacatid=12:blogItemid=82). Working with computers can sometimes be stressful. And dealing with computer stress is really no different than dealing with any other type of stress in life. The more you understand and focus upon the underlying causes computer stress, the better you will fare in trying to cope with it. There are ten (10) common causes of computer related stress: Failing to Anticipate Problems Trying to Get by on the Cheap Failing to Ask for Help Failing to Relate to Stress as Feedback Trying to Cut Corners Unrealistic Expectations Beating Up On Yourself Unnecessarily Conflicts with Other People Failing to Do Your Homework and Compromising Your Own or Other’s Integrity http://stresscure. com/hrn/common. html). Stress symptoms commonly include a state of alarm and adrenaline production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion, as well as irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physiological reactions such as headache and elevated heart rate (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stress_(biology))) ). Backache is one of the most common ailments prevalent today. Sedentary living habits, hazardous work patterns and psychological conditions associated with emotional stress, which bring about spasm of the muscles, cause backaches. As the back bears the weight of the entire body, overweight persons feel the strain on the back when they have to carry an extra load. In most cases of backache, the pain is usually felt either in the middle of the back or lower down. It may spread to both sides of the waist and the hips. In a condition of acute pain, the patient is unable to move and is bedridden. About 90% of backache patients suffer from what is called cervical and lumbar spondylosis. It is a degenerative disorder in which the different vertebrae adhere to each other through bony unions. As a result of this, the spine loses its flexibility (http://www. ome-remedies-for-you. com/remedy/Backache. html). On the other hand, Internet Dependency is also one of the signs or symptoms of being an internet addict. Internet Dependency is a term for excessive use of the Internet to the detriment of one’s physical, psychological, social, or vocational well- being. The majority of Americans and virtually all college stud ents now use the Internet as a source of information and entertainment on at least an occasional basis. Most use it on a regular basis without becoming dependent upon it. However, for some, involvement on the internet begins to have serious, negative consequences. When such consequences are minimized or ignored while Internet use increases, Internet dependency is occurring. Excessive Internet use may revolve around chat rooms, pornography; database searches; blogging; gambling; gaming; shopping; or any number of other online activities. As of 2005, it is estimated that 6% of users are Internet dependent. Being too dependent on the internet may also lead us to Tolerance, Withdrawal and Compulsive Use of Internet that may harm ourselves (http://www. villanova. edu/studentlife/counselingcenter/infosheets/psych_topics. htm? page=internet_depend. tm). Withdrawal can refer to any sort of separation, but is most commonly used to describe the group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and/or alcohol or not in front of the computer. The individual feels very uncomfortable, obnoxious or irritable if not engaged in the behavior after sometime. Compulsi ve Use or Craving. The individual feels a strong compelling need or urge to engage in the behavior, and thereafter plans for the next opportunity to perform the behavior. About 25% of the people in the world are active Internet users. More than 100 million Facebook users log on at least once per day. Nine blogs are created each minute. As advancements in Internet technology continue to make the world smaller and smaller, new users are plugging into the Net at an unbelievable pace. But what happens when these users are logging too often? Where do you draw the line between harmless and harmful? Many experts today are asking these questions about Internet usage. The internet can be a valuable tool for accessing information, making connections, and maintaining relationships. People all over the world use their cell phones, laptops, and home computers to access the Internet and branch out in all directions on the information superhighway. But for some, one wrong turn changes the Internet from a mode of communication to a medium of compulsion. Of course, this process seems a little extreme for the everyday Internet user. But think about it: have you ever felt that nagging urge to check your email or Facebook on your iPhone right after you checked it on your laptop? Does receiving a new e-mail or stumbling upon a new website put a smile on your face? Sometimes simple daily pleasure like hese can slowly lead to serious compulsive behaviors (http://neuroanthropology. net/2009/05/28/caught-in-the-net-the-internet-compulsion/). Along with all the positive influence of the Internet, there will always be some negative effects on it. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or median neuropathy is a painful progressive condition caused by compression of a key nerve in the wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist. Symptoms usually start gradually, with pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day, decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manual tasks. In some cases no direct cause of the syndrome can be identified. Most likely the disorder is due to a congenital predisposition – the carpal tunnel is simply smaller in some people than in others. However, the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome especially, common in those performing assembly line work (http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/carpal_tunnel/carpal_tunnel. htm). Dry Eyes Syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture in the eye. Its consequences range from subtle but constant irritation to ocular inflammation of the anterior (front) tissues of the eye. Dry eyes also are described by the medical term, keratitis sicca, which generally means decreased quality or quantity of tears. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca refers to eye dryness affecting the cornea and conjunctiva (http://www. allaboutvision. com/conditions/dryeye. htm). Migraine Headache is a form of vascular headache. Migraine headache is caused by vasodilatation (enlargement of blood vessels) that causes the release of chemicals from nerve fibers that coil around the large arteries of the brain. Enlargement of these blood vessels stretches the nerves that coil around them and causes the nerves to release chemicals. The chemicals cause inflammation, pain, and further enlargement of the artery. The increasing enlargement of the arteries magnifies the pain. Migraine attacks commonly activate the sympathetic nervous system in the body. The sympathetic nervous system is often thought of as the part of the nervous system that controls primitive responses to stress and pain, the so-called â€Å"fight or flight† response, and this activation causes many of the symptoms How to cite Internet Addiction, Essay examples