Enzymes Lab Report 5 Essays - Enzymes, Catalysis, Catechol, PH

BioLab3 Lab Report 5 Enzymes Student Name: I.Enzyme Structure and Function EXERCISE 1 Preparation of an enzyme activity standard At five minute intervals over the next fifteen minute period, record the color intensity of the solution of each test tube. Time (min)Tube S1 Potato Extract + CatecholTube S2 Potato Extract + WaterTube S3 Catechol + Water 0YellowishClear to milkyClear to milky 5YellowishClear to milkyClear to milky 10OrangeClear to milkyClear to milky 15Brownish RedClear to milkyClear to milky How can benzoquinone be detected? If you see a brownish amber color in the solution Which two solutions need to be present to produce the brown-colored benzoquinone? Potato extract and Catechol need to be present. What substance is not present in tube S2 for the production of the brown-colored substance? Catechol What substance is not present in tube S3 for the production of the brown-colored substance? Potato Extract II.Enzyme Specificity EXERCISE 2 Enzyme specificity At five and ten minute intervals, record the color intensity in each test tube. Time (min)Tube 1 with catecholTube 2 with hydroquinone 011 531 1054 Based upon color intensity, to what degree does catechol oxidase react with hydroquinone? 4 What difference in chemical structure of the two substrates determines the specificity of catechol oxidase? Chemical structure of catechol and hydroquinone III.Temperature and Enzyme Activity EXERCISE 3 Enzyme activity and temperature Record the relative color intensity at intervals of five and ten minutes. Time (min)Tube 1 4oCTube 2 23oCTube 3 40oCTube 4 60oCTube 5 80oCTube 6 100oC 0333300 5333400 10345400 Double click the chart below. A spreadsheet will open. Enter the 10 minute read data into the spreadsheet in the areas provided. When you are finished, click into another area of the lab report. The spreadsheet will close automatically. Do not close the spreadsheet with the X in the upper right corner. What is the temperature range for catechol oxidase activity? The temperature range is 20-60 degrees Celsius. Examine your experimental data and determine which temperature is optimum for the formation of benzoquinone? At 40 Degrees Celsius What happens to the enzyme above 60C? Is denatured and cant act as catalyst. IV.Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity EXERCISE 4 Enzyme activity and pH At five minute intervals, record the relative color intensity of each tube. Time (min)Tube 1 pH 2Tube 2 pH 4Tube 3 pH 6Tube 4 pH 7Tube 5 pH 8Tube 6 pH 10Tube 7 pH 12 00011111 50134444 100345444 Double click the chart below. A spreadsheet will open. Enter the 10 minute read data into the spreadsheet in the areas provided. When you are finished, click into another area of the lab report. The spreadsheet will close automatically. Do not close the spreadsheet with the X in the upper right corner. In what pH range will catechol oxidase catalyze catechol to benzoquinone? In the ph Range 6-8 What is the optimum pH for catechol oxidase? 7 V.Cofactors EXERCISE 5 Enzyme activity and cofactors The test tubes are removed from the water bath and their relative color intensities are compared. Record your observations as 0 to 5. Time (min)Tube 1 w/ PTUTube 2 w/out PTU 003 1005 What was the purpose of adding PTU to test tube 1? A cofactor was needed for one of the experiments. Which tube shows benzoquinone formation? Test tube 2 shows benzoquinone Examine the data and determine if copper is necessary for the function of catechol oxidase. No it is not necessary for copper to be present for the function of catechol oxidase Summary Questions 1.What happened to the structure of catechol oxidase at temperatures above 75C? It is denatured, its structure became very distorted and thus the protein couldnt work anymore. 2.How does pH range affect the function and structure of catechol oxidase? When the Ph. is not at its optimum, the differing ph.s will disrupt the bonding between the R group of the amino acids causing Its structure to change. 3.Thermal springs, such as Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park, have temperatures above 100C. How does adaptation make it possible for living organisms to inhabit such an extreme environment? Adaption allows them to adjust to these high temperatures. 4.The stomach maintains a pH of approximately 3 to 5. Do all enzymes function at this pH level? Give an example from one of the exercises. No, all dont function at this level. Most function between 6-8. 5.Why do patients with high fever feel tired and listless? They lose a lot of energy and there catechol oxidase becomes distorted. 6.Some individuals who have been submerged in cold water for long periods of time have survived. How is this possible? There body make up is usually different than others. There are alsdo non-biology things that can keep the body safer. 7.What is